What type of energy conversion does a transformer facilitate?

A transformer facilitates the conversion of electrical energy from one voltage level to another, while maintaining the same overall power level (minus losses). This process is characterized by electromagnetic induction, where an alternating current in the primary coil creates a magnetic field that induces an alternating current in the secondary coil.

The main purpose of a transformer is to either step up (increase) or step down (decrease) voltage levels in electrical transmission systems. By adjusting voltage levels, transformers help improve the efficiency of power distribution and ensure that electricity can be transmitted over long distances with minimal losses.

In the context of the other choices, mechanical to electrical conversion involves devices like generators, while electrical to chemical conversion refers to processes like electrolysis, where electrical energy is used to cause a chemical change. Chemical to thermal conversion often pertains to combustion processes that release heat, which is not related to the core function of a transformer.