How is transformer cooling typically accomplished?

In transformer cooling, placing the core in a liquid-filled tank is a common method because this setup allows for efficient heat dissipation. Transformers generate heat during operation due to losses associated with their windings and core. The liquid, often oil, surrounds the transformer components and significantly enhances cooling by absorbing heat from the core and windings. This liquid not only cools but also serves to insulate the transformer, ensuring that its electrical components are protected from short circuits and facilitated thermal management.

The use of oil in a closed tank system allows for the thermal energy to be transferred to the surface area of the tank, where it can be dissipated into the surrounding environment. In cases where transformers are larger or subjected to heavy operational demands, forced oil circulation is sometimes employed to enhance cooling further.

While air circulation, heat exchangers, and insulation play roles in transformer design and function, they do not specifically address the direct cooling of the core and windings as effectively as a liquid-filled tank. Hence, the placement of the transformer core in a liquid-filled tank remains the most commonly employed method for cooling.